Armillaria Mellea / The Honey Mushroom

The scientific name for the honey mushroom is Armillaria mellea. This parasitic fungi causes root rot in a variety of plants, not only trees, which is bad news for gardeners. Wooded areas and forests can sustain significant harm from the honey mushroom; damage typically happens before to the appearance of fruiting bodies. The Honey mushroom may attack a tree’s root system, and when combined with rhizomorphs that can move quite a distance to target nearby non-infected trees, it can inflict significant harm. The Honey mushroom can survive as a saprophyte for many years after the death of the tree. The honey mushroom is a widespread fungus that typically grows in dense clusters at the base of trees. It can be found globally in temperate and tropical areas.What are Armillaria Mellea?.

The term “honey fungus” refers to a number of different species of the fungus Armillaria that attack and kill the roots of numerous perennial and woody plants. The most recognizable sign of honey fungus is a white fungal growth, typically at ground level, between the bark and wood. In the fall, clusters of mushrooms with a honey color occasionally develop on infected stumps.

‘Of honey’ refers to the golden honey tint of the caps, while the name Mellea comes from the Armillaria mellea. Several mushrooms, including Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria gallica, and Armillaria tabescens, are referred to as “Honey Mushrooms”. This topic is further complicated by the fact that different Armillaria Mellea species have scaly tops while others do not. A number of Armillaria species were previously referred to as Armillaria Mellea; however, this practice was discontinued, and as a result, the Armillaria mushroom family has since shrunk considerably. Buy Armillaria Mellea fungi.

What are Armillaria Mellea?

Martin Vahl gave the Honey mushroom its original designation of Agaricus melleus in the 18th century; Paul Kummer later classed it as belonging to the Armillaria genus. Rhizomorpha fragilis, Rhizomorpha subcorticalis, Honey agaric, Honey fungus, Der Hallimasch, Shoestring root rot, Bootlace rot, Oak root rot, Stumpie, Stump mushroom, Hazel mushroom, or Pinky are other names for the honey mushroom. While there are various synonyms, many of them refer to the nation where it is found. Some honey mushrooms have the potential to glow in the dark, creating a green light, with the mycelium but not the fruiting body; this ability is not always visible to the human eye but is generally acknowledged to be true. Armillaria Mellea.

Although honey fungus has a terrible record as a dangerous parasite of trees, I respect it as a remarkable and ecologically significant organism that also happens to be incredibly numerous and tasty. But in healthy, diverse ecosystems, it can be seen as a cornerstone species – an apex predator that culls old and infirm trees, opening up new opportunities on the forest floor, providing food for succeeding fungi, and ultimately building soils. Don’t get me wrong: you definitely don’t want it feasting on your prized garden tree specimens, and it can be very problematic in monoculture plantations. The Honey Mushroom.

 How to Identify And Describe Armillaria Mellea Mushrooms

Cap: When young, conical; as it ages, convex; finally, flatter; the edges are cocked. 3 to 15 cm in diameter. Golden yellow (honey-colored) turns reddish-brown with age. when moist, sticky or tacky. With time, a knob develops on the apex. When cut, the flesh is still white or pink. armillaria mellea habitat.
Gills: Located on the hymenium. White at first, maturing to pink-yellow or even patchy.
Stem: White to yellow to reddish-brown stem. a yellow-edged ring that is high on the stem.
3 cm in diameter and up to 20 cm tall.
Smell: is characterized as faint but harsh or acidic.
Taste: Said to be delicious, sweet, and nutty.
Spores: Smooth and ellipsoidal spores.
Spore color: Spores have a white or light cream tint.

Edibility: It is edible, but only with caution; boiling is advised before consumption.
Habitat: Hardwood trees with broad leaves and conifers as well as other types of live or dead wood are preferred. The honey mushroom grows on and inside the wood of trees in addition to just appearing on the ground.
Season: Typically from September until November.
Scientific description: scientific terminology Agaricomycotina is a class, Agaricomycetes is a subclass, Agaricales is an order, Physalacriaceae is a family, Armillaria is a genus, and Armillaria mellea is a species.

Similar Species/look-Alikes to Armillaria Mellea
Although the Honey mushrooms are extremely similar, they may be distinguished under the microscope; before eating, always seek professional assistance from a mycologist. While deeper in color, the Galerina marginata has a similar look. Because the Galerina marginata is sometimes referred to as the funeral bell, caution is advised. Armillaria mellea life cycle.

Rhizomorphs: Rhizomorphs, which are thick, bootlace-like networks that are visible to the unaided eye, are the source of honey fungus growth. Individual strands are typically around 2mm wide and lustrous licorice-black (or very occasionally very deep red), although they frequently combine into even wider strands. By using a melanin, these provide protection for delicate hyphae, which serve as the mycelium’s building components. Rhizomorphs can be more spherical in cross section in other species of honey fungus than Armillaria mellea, which produces flattened ones. They develop intricate circuitry behind the bark of dead and dying trees, where you can find them. Armillaria mellea classification.

This is an excellent method to get a sense of the mycelium’s complexity without needing to use a microscope; just picture microscopic networks that are similarly complicated, and you’ll get a sense of how densely entwined fungi are. Rhizomorphs, which are resilient and robust by mycelial standards, enable honey fungus to move through soil for considerable distances in search of new food sources. Armillaria Mellea edible.

Benefits Armillaria Mellea

Despite being utilized as a herbal medicine throughout Asia until recently, there was little scientific evidence to back up the usage of Armillaria mellea for medical purposes. It has become clear that popular wild mushrooms like Armillaria Mellea contain bioactive substances in their fruiting bodies, including polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Since 2018, a small number of research have concentrated on the therapeutic benefits of Armillaria Mellea; however, these have mostly been conducted in vitro, and additional human studies will be needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of Armillaria mellea as a dietary supplement. Although the findings are intriguing, it is crucial to seek competent medical guidance before using any mushroom as a treatment on oneself. This will guarantee that there are no interactions with other medications or contraindications to its use. Armillaria Mellea look-Alikes.

(1).Anti-oxidant
At a dosage of 1 mg/ml, preliminary and contemporary in vitro research has demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from Armillaria mellea exhibited exceptional anti-oxidant potential. The experiment, which concentrated on free radical scavenging, is promising but has to be strengthened. Antioxidant substances are crucial for managing numerous health issues, slowing the aging process, and preventing DNA damage. Armillaria mellea pronunciation.

(2).Immunomodulatory
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, two important immune cells involved in adaptive immunity, were shown to be impacted by Armillaria mellea in the aforementioned study. The production of antibodies by B cells and T cells is essential for humoral immunity as well as cell-mediated immunity. According to preliminary results, the number of T lymphocytes (with the addition of Con-A) and B lymphocytes (with the addition of LPS) increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of Armillaria mellea and a substance that naturally promotes cell proliferation. In vitro macrophage stimulation and phagocytosis activation were also noted. Depending on the patient’s conditions, this can offer a way to influence the immune system in favor of a particular immunity arm. Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs.

(3).Anti-Tumorigenic
Recent research investigated the anticancer effects of Armillaridin, a bioactive substance derived from Armillaria mellea. A human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line was treated with armillaridin in vitro, and it was discovered that this treatment inhibited the proliferation of the liver cancer cells. Inhibiting growth is essential to stop a tumor from growing and subsequently spreading. The Armillaria mellea chemical, Armillaridin, has the potential to be used as an anti-liver cancer medicine because of its capacity to inhibit cancer cell development and promote death, which was further demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests. Armillaria mellea benefits.

(4).Anti-Depressant
To test if sesquiterpenoids extracted from Armillaria mellea may prevent depression in mice, the compounds were tested. It’s interesting that Armillaria mellea was able to demonstrate certain antidepressant-like qualities. In addition, the extract was able to alter the concentrations of critical neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, in the mice’s brains. Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter, and individuals with depression may have lower levels of dopamine or fewer dopamine receptors. This demonstrates the need for more research to confirm Armillaria mellea’s efficacy in treating depression.

(5).Anti-Diabetic
High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of diabetes; because these levels harm blood vessels, neurons, and other tissues, it’s critical to keep them under control. A study looked at the possibility of Armillaria mellea extract to have hypoglycemic effects (lower blood sugar levels), using type 2 diabetic rats created by feeding them a high-fat diet and dexamethasone (DEX). High doses of Armillaria mellea extracts significantly reduced fasting blood sugar levels and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, the Armillaria mellea extract increased the level of lipases, enzymes involved in fatty acid processing, resulting in a drop in the concentration of fatty acids in the serum; in addition, it inhibited the buildup of fatty molecules in the liver. These findings suggest that Armillaria mellea extract may be a novel therapeutic agent or dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes and fatty acid metabolism, which can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. Armillaria mellea at night.

(7).Anti-Inflammatory
In vitro studies have shown that a xylosyl, a chemical derived from Armillaria mellea, dramatically reduces the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. This provides preliminary evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of Armillaria mellea, which with additional study may be useful as a dietary supplement in the treatment of conditions including diabetes and arthritis. Armillaria mellea identification.

Dosage for Armillaria mellea

A tiny amount should be sampled to check for allergic responses. The fruiting body is typically eaten, but the stem is frequently too rough and thrown away. Cooking eliminates the honey mushroom’s harsh flavor. Armillaria mellea, Honey Fungus.

Side Effects, Safety, And toxicity Of Armillaria Melea

Although the honey mushroom is typically not regarded as hazardous, some people have reported experiencing stomach trouble after eating it for the first time. It is advised to either completely avoid honey mushrooms or try them in modest doses. Honey mushrooms should always be properly cooked before eating. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it would be best to stay away from the honey mushroom or get professional medical advice before taking it. Honey Fungus.

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